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Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(13):2357-2366. doi:10.7150/ijbs.46405 This issue Cite

Review

The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases

Xinyu Yang1,2*, Di Lu1,2*, Jianyong Zhuo1,2, Zuyuan Lin1,2, Modan Yang1,2, Xiao Xu1,2✉

1. Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
2. NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
*These authors contributed equally to this work.

✉ Corresponding author: Prof. Xiao Xu, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China. E-mail address: zjxuedu. More

Citation:
Yang X, Lu D, Zhuo J, Lin Z, Yang M, Xu X. The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(13):2357-2366. doi:10.7150/ijbs.46405. https://www.ijbs.com/v16p2357.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

The gut microbiota consists of a dynamic multispecies community of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoans, playing a fundamental role in the induction, training, and function of the host immune system. The liver is anatomically and physiologically linked to the gut microbiota via enterohepatic circulation, specifically receiving intestine-derived blood through the portal vein. The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. A shift in gut microbiota composition can result in activation of the mucosal immune response causing homeostasis imbalance. This imbalance results in translocation of bacteria and migration of immune cells to the liver, which is related to inflammation-mediated liver injury and tumor progression. In this review, we outline the role of the gut microbiota in modulating host immunity and summarize novel findings and recent advances in immune-based therapeutics associated with the gut-liver axis. Moving forward, a deep understanding of the microbiome-immune-liver axis will provide insight into the basic mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis affecting liver diseases.

Keywords: gut-liver axis, immunity, gut microbiome, dysbiosis, immunotherapy

Citation styles

APA
Yang, X., Lu, D., Zhuo, J., Lin, Z., Yang, M., Xu, X. (2020). The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(13), 2357-2366. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.46405.

ACS
Yang, X.; Lu, D.; Zhuo, J.; Lin, Z.; Yang, M.; Xu, X. The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2020, 16 (13), 2357-2366. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.46405.

NLM
Yang X, Lu D, Zhuo J, Lin Z, Yang M, Xu X. The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(13):2357-2366. doi:10.7150/ijbs.46405. https://www.ijbs.com/v16p2357.htm

CSE
Yang X, Lu D, Zhuo J, Lin Z, Yang M, Xu X. 2020. The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases. Int J Biol Sci. 16(13):2357-2366.

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