Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10(6):576-587. doi:10.7150/ijbs.8479 This issue Cite

Review

Targeting Androgen Receptor Action for Prostate Cancer Treatment: Does the Post-Receptor Level Provide Novel Opportunities?

Hannelore V. Heemers

Departments of Urology and Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.

Citation:
Heemers HV. Targeting Androgen Receptor Action for Prostate Cancer Treatment: Does the Post-Receptor Level Provide Novel Opportunities?. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10(6):576-587. doi:10.7150/ijbs.8479. https://www.ijbs.com/v10p0576.htm
Other styles

File import instruction

Abstract

The standard of care for patients who suffer from non-organ confined prostate cancer (CaP) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT exploits the reliance of CaP cells on androgen receptor (AR) signaling throughout CaP progression from androgen-stimulated (AS) to castration-recurrent (CR) disease. AR is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. Ligand-activated AR relocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it binds to Androgen Response Elements (AREs) to regulate transcription of target genes that control CaP cell behavior and progression. Current forms of ADT interfere at 2 levels along the AR signaling axis. At the pre-receptor level, ADT limits the availability of ligand for AR, while at the receptor level, ADT interrupts AR-ligand interactions. Both forms of ADT induce remission, but are not curative and, because of extraprostatic actions, are associated with severe side effects. Here, the potential of interference with the molecular regulation of AR-dependent transcription and the action of AR target genes, at the post receptor level, as the foundation for the development of novel, more CaP- specific selective forms of ADT is explored.

Keywords: castration, androgen deprivation therapy, gene expression, transcription, hormones.


Citation styles

APA
Heemers, H.V. (2014). Targeting Androgen Receptor Action for Prostate Cancer Treatment: Does the Post-Receptor Level Provide Novel Opportunities?. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(6), 576-587. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.8479.

ACS
Heemers, H.V. Targeting Androgen Receptor Action for Prostate Cancer Treatment: Does the Post-Receptor Level Provide Novel Opportunities?. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2014, 10 (6), 576-587. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8479.

NLM
Heemers HV. Targeting Androgen Receptor Action for Prostate Cancer Treatment: Does the Post-Receptor Level Provide Novel Opportunities?. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10(6):576-587. doi:10.7150/ijbs.8479. https://www.ijbs.com/v10p0576.htm

CSE
Heemers HV. 2014. Targeting Androgen Receptor Action for Prostate Cancer Treatment: Does the Post-Receptor Level Provide Novel Opportunities?. Int J Biol Sci. 10(6):576-587.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) License. See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
Popup Image