Glaucocalyxin A induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in human bladder cancer cells

Lin, Wenfeng; Xie, Jinlin; Xu, Naijin; Huang, Linglong; Xu, Abai; Li, Hulin; Li, Chaoming; Gao, Yubo; Watanabe, Masami; Liu, Chunxiao; Huang, Peng

doi:10.7150/ijbs.23602

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International Journal of Medical Sciences

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Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14(4):418-426. doi:10.7150/ijbs.23602 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Glaucocalyxin A induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in human bladder cancer cells

Wenfeng Lin^1,2*, Jinlin Xie^1,2*, Naijin Xu³, Linglong Huang^1,2, Abai Xu^1,2, Hulin Li^1,2, Chaoming Li^1,2, Yubo Gao^1,2, Masami Watanabe³, Chunxiao Liu^1,2, Peng Huang^1,2,3,4✉

1. Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
2. Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunological Diseases in Guangzhou, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
3. Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
4. Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
* Contributed equally to this work.

Citation:

Lin W, Xie J, Xu N, Huang L, Xu A, Li H, Li C, Gao Y, Watanabe M, Liu C, Huang P. Glaucocalyxin A induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in human bladder cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14(4):418-426. doi:10.7150/ijbs.23602. https://www.ijbs.com/v14p0418.htm

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Abstract

Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), a major component isolated from Rabdosia japonica, has been proven to show anti-bacterial and anti-tumor biological characteristics according to previous studies. However, its potential effect on bladder cancer remains unknown. The present research aims to investigate the underlying mechanism in treating bladder cancer in vivo and in vitro. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay and colony formation. Flow cytometry was used to measure the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The expressions of the cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Meanwhile, the in vivo study was performed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect on a UMUC3 subcutaneous tumor of NOD/SCID mice model. GLA suppressed colony-formation ability, triggered G2/M arrest and promoted apoptosis of UMUC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blotting showed that GLA downregulated the expressions of PI3K p85, p-Akt, Bcl-2, CDK1, Cyclin B1 whereas upregulated the levels of PTEN, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3. In vivo, GLA at a dosage of 20 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control group by intraperitoneal injection. These results suggested that GLA-related G2/M arrest and apoptosis in UMUC3 cells were mediated by a suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which regulated p21^Waf1/Cip1 as well as intrinsic caspase cascade. Collectively, our observations could help to develop new drugs targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Keywords: Glaucocalyxin A, bladder cancer, cell cycle, apoptosis, PI3K/Akt pathway

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APA

Lin, W., Xie, J., Xu, N., Huang, L., Xu, A., Li, H., Li, C., Gao, Y., Watanabe, M., Liu, C., Huang, P. (2018). Glaucocalyxin A induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in human bladder cancer cells. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(4), 418-426. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.23602.

ACS

Lin, W.; Xie, J.; Xu, N.; Huang, L.; Xu, A.; Li, H.; Li, C.; Gao, Y.; Watanabe, M.; Liu, C.; Huang, P. Glaucocalyxin A induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in human bladder cancer cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2018, 14 (4), 418-426. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23602.

NLM

CSE

Lin W, Xie J, Xu N, Huang L, Xu A, Li H, Li C, Gao Y, Watanabe M, Liu C, Huang P. 2018. Glaucocalyxin A induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in human bladder cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci. 14(4):418-426.

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