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Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13(11):1409-1419. doi:10.7150/ijbs.21916 This issue Cite

Review

Altered Neuroendocrine Immune Responses, a Two-Sword Weapon against Traumatic Inflammation

Ce Yang^✉, Jie Gao, Juan Du, Xuetao Yang, Jianxin Jiang^✉

State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China

✉ Corresponding authors: Ce Yang, MD, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Changjiang Zhilu, Daping, Chongqing 400042, China Email: sepsismdedu.cn; sepsismdcom; Jianxin Jiang, MD, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Daping, Chongqing 400042, China Email: hellojjxcom More

Abstract

During the occurrence and development of injury (trauma, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia and hypoxia), the neuroendocrine and immune system act as a prominent navigation leader and possess an inter-system crosstalk between the reciprocal information dissemination. The fundamental reason that neuroendocrinology and immunology could mix each other and permeate toward the field of traumatology is owing to their same biological languages or chemical information molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines and their corresponding receptors) shared by the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The immune system is not only modulated by the neuroendocrine system, but also can modulate the biological functions of the neuroendocrine system. The interactive linkage of these three systems precipitates the complicated space-time patterns for the courses of traumatic inflammation. Recently, compelling evidence indicates that the network linkage pattern that initiating agents of neuroendocrine responses, regulatory elements of immune cells and effecter targets for immune regulatory molecules arouse the resistance mechanism disorders, which supplies the beneficial enlightenment for the diagnosis and therapy of traumatic complications from the view of translational medicine. Here we review the alternative protective and detrimental roles as well as possible mechanisms of the neuroendocrine immune responses in traumatic inflammation.

Keywords: trauma and injury, stress, infection, hormones, neuroendocrine system, immunity, translational medicine.

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