Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14(12):1610-1620. doi:10.7150/ijbs.26518 This issue Cite

Review

Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Participants in Circadian Rhythm Synchronization

Shi-Cong Tao1,✉, Shang-Chun Guo2,✉

1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
2. Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China

Citation:
Tao SC, Guo SC. Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Participants in Circadian Rhythm Synchronization. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14(12):1610-1620. doi:10.7150/ijbs.26518. https://www.ijbs.com/v14p1610.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

The circadian rhythm (CR) is a set of autonomous endogenous oscillators. Exposure to the 24-hour day-night cycle synchronizes our CR system, maintaining homeostasis and human health. Several mechanisms for the CR system have been proposed, including those underlying the function (transcriptional-translational negative-feedback loops, or TTFLs), mechanisms regulating the TTFLs, and the mechanism by which the “server clock” is synchronized to environmental time. Several pathways downstream of the “server clock” perform well-characterized biological functions. However, the synchronization between the “server clock” (the endogenous master clock seated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus within the hypothalamus) and the “client clock” (imbedded in nearly every cell in the form of interlocking TTFLs) is difficult to explain with current theories. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are involved in intercellular communication and have recently been found to participate in regulation of the “client clock”, might be the answer to this question. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CRs, TTFLs, and EVs, examine research findings about the functions of EVs in the CR system, and discuss the issues requiring attention in future research.

Keywords: circadian rhythms, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, transcriptional-translational negative-feedback loops, post-translational modifications, noncoding RNAs


Citation styles

APA
Tao, S.C., Guo, S.C. (2018). Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Participants in Circadian Rhythm Synchronization. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(12), 1610-1620. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.26518.

ACS
Tao, S.C.; Guo, S.C. Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Participants in Circadian Rhythm Synchronization. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2018, 14 (12), 1610-1620. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26518.

NLM
Tao SC, Guo SC. Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Participants in Circadian Rhythm Synchronization. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14(12):1610-1620. doi:10.7150/ijbs.26518. https://www.ijbs.com/v14p1610.htm

CSE
Tao SC, Guo SC. 2018. Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Participants in Circadian Rhythm Synchronization. Int J Biol Sci. 14(12):1610-1620.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
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