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Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(3):420-434. doi:10.7150/ijbs.37421 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Gut Microbiota as Diagnostic Tools for Mirroring Disease Progression and Circulating Nephrotoxin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: Discovery and Validation Study

I-Wen Wu1,2, Chan-Yu Lin2,3, Lun-Ching Chang4, Chin-Chan Lee1, Chih-Yung Chiu5, Heng-Jung Hsu1, Chiao-Yin Sun1, Yuen-Chan Chen1,2, Yu-Lun Kuo6, Chi-Wei Yang2,3, Sheng-Siang Gao7, Wen-Ping Hsieh7, Wen-Hung Chung8, Hsin-Chih Lai9,10, Shih-Chi Su8✉

1. Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
2. College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
3. Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan
4. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Florida, US
5. Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
6. Biotools, Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
7. Institute of Statistics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
8. Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
9. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
10. Microbiota Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

✉ Corresponding author: Shih-Chi Su, PhD. Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan. Phone: 886-2-24329292-3388; Fax: +886-2-27191623; Email: ssu1org.tw More

Citation:
Wu IW, Lin CY, Chang LC, Lee CC, Chiu CY, Hsu HJ, Sun CY, Chen YC, Kuo YL, Yang CW, Gao SS, Hsieh WP, Chung WH, Lai HC, Su SC. Gut Microbiota as Diagnostic Tools for Mirroring Disease Progression and Circulating Nephrotoxin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: Discovery and Validation Study. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(3):420-434. doi:10.7150/ijbs.37421. https://www.ijbs.com/v16p0420.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

The interplay of the gut microbes with gut-producing nephrotoxins and the renal progression remains unclear in large human cohort. Significant compositional and functional differences in the intestinal microbiota (by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) were noted among 30 controls and 92 (31 mild, 30 moderate and 31 advanced) patients at different chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages (discovery cohort). A core CKD-associated microbiota consisted of 7 genera (Escherichia_Shigella, Dialister, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, Paraprevotella and Ruminiclostridium) and 2 species (Collinsella stercoris and Bacteroides eggerthii) were identified to be highly correlated with the stages of CKD. Paraprevotella, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Collinsella stercoris were superior in discriminating CKD from the controls than the use of urine protein/creatinine ratio, even at early-stage of disease. The performance was further confirmed in a validation cohort comprising 22 controls and 76 peritoneal dialysis patients. Bacterial genera highly correlated with indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate levels were identified. Prediction of the functional capabilities of microbial communities showed that microbial genes related to the metabolism of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) were differentially enriched among the control and different CKD stages. Collectively, our results provide solid human evidence of the impact of gut-metabolite-kidney axis on the severity of chronic kidney disease and highlight a usefulness of specific gut microorganisms as possible disease differentiate marker of this global health burden.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, gut microbiome, p-cresyl sulfate, and indoxyl sulfate

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APA
Wu, I.W., Lin, C.Y., Chang, L.C., Lee, C.C., Chiu, C.Y., Hsu, H.J., Sun, C.Y., Chen, Y.C., Kuo, Y.L., Yang, C.W., Gao, S.S., Hsieh, W.P., Chung, W.H., Lai, H.C., Su, S.C. (2020). Gut Microbiota as Diagnostic Tools for Mirroring Disease Progression and Circulating Nephrotoxin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: Discovery and Validation Study. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(3), 420-434. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.37421.

ACS
Wu, I.W.; Lin, C.Y.; Chang, L.C.; Lee, C.C.; Chiu, C.Y.; Hsu, H.J.; Sun, C.Y.; Chen, Y.C.; Kuo, Y.L.; Yang, C.W.; Gao, S.S.; Hsieh, W.P.; Chung, W.H.; Lai, H.C.; Su, S.C. Gut Microbiota as Diagnostic Tools for Mirroring Disease Progression and Circulating Nephrotoxin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: Discovery and Validation Study. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2020, 16 (3), 420-434. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.37421.

NLM
Wu IW, Lin CY, Chang LC, Lee CC, Chiu CY, Hsu HJ, Sun CY, Chen YC, Kuo YL, Yang CW, Gao SS, Hsieh WP, Chung WH, Lai HC, Su SC. Gut Microbiota as Diagnostic Tools for Mirroring Disease Progression and Circulating Nephrotoxin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: Discovery and Validation Study. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(3):420-434. doi:10.7150/ijbs.37421. https://www.ijbs.com/v16p0420.htm

CSE
Wu IW, Lin CY, Chang LC, Lee CC, Chiu CY, Hsu HJ, Sun CY, Chen YC, Kuo YL, Yang CW, Gao SS, Hsieh WP, Chung WH, Lai HC, Su SC. 2020. Gut Microbiota as Diagnostic Tools for Mirroring Disease Progression and Circulating Nephrotoxin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease: Discovery and Validation Study. Int J Biol Sci. 16(3):420-434.

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