Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18(15):5713-5723. doi:10.7150/ijbs.77141 This issue Cite

Review

Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation

Sonu Koirala B K1, Timothy Moural1, Fang Zhu1,2✉

1. Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
2. Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Citation:
Koirala B K S, Moural T, Zhu F. Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18(15):5713-5723. doi:10.7150/ijbs.77141. https://www.ijbs.com/v18p5713.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

As a superfamily of multifunctional enzymes that is mainly associated with xenobiotic adaptation, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) facilitate insects' survival under chemical stresses in their environment. GSTs confer xenobiotic adaptation through direct metabolism or sequestration of xenobiotics, and/or indirectly by providing protection against oxidative stress induced by xenobiotic exposure. In this article, a comprehensive overview of current understanding on the versatile functions of insect GSTs in detoxifying chemical compounds is presented. The diverse structures of different classes of insect GSTs, specifically the spatial localization and composition of their amino acid residues constituted in their active sites are also summarized. Recent availability of whole genome sequences of numerous insect species, accompanied by RNA interference, X-ray crystallography, enzyme kinetics and site-directed mutagenesis techniques have significantly enhanced our understanding of functional and structural diversity of insect GSTs.

Keywords: enzyme, metabolic detoxification, host adaptation, oxidative stress, pesticide resistance


Citation styles

APA
Koirala B K, S., Moural, T., Zhu, F. (2022). Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 18(15), 5713-5723. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.77141.

ACS
Koirala B K, S.; Moural, T.; Zhu, F. Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2022, 18 (15), 5713-5723. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77141.

NLM
Koirala B K S, Moural T, Zhu F. Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18(15):5713-5723. doi:10.7150/ijbs.77141. https://www.ijbs.com/v18p5713.htm

CSE
Koirala B K S, Moural T, Zhu F. 2022. Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation. Int J Biol Sci. 18(15):5713-5723.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
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